FDM vs. SLA vs. SLS: Compare Filament, Resin, and Powder 3D Printers
FDM vs. SLA vs. SLS: Compare Filament, Resin, and Powder 3D Printers
When choosing a 3D printer, one of the most important decisions is selecting the right printing technology. The three most common methods are FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), SLA (Stereolithography), and SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). Each process uses a different type of material—filament, resin, or powder—and offers unique strengths for different applications. This guide will help you compare FDM vs. SLA vs. SLS 3D printing, so you can pick the best option for your projects.
What Is FDM 3D Printing?
FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) is the most widely used 3D printing technology. It works by extruding thermoplastic filament through a heated nozzle to build parts layer by layer.
Materials: PLA, PLA+, ABS, PETG, TPU, and other 3D printer filaments.
Pros:
- Affordable printers and materials
- Large build volume options
- Wide variety of filament colors and finishes
- Easy for beginners
Cons:
- Visible layer lines
- Lower surface resolution than resin printing
- May require supports for overhangs
FDM is the best choice if you’re looking for cost-effective 3D printing with filament for prototypes, functional parts, and hobby projects.
What Is SLA 3D Printing?
SLA (Stereolithography) uses a laser or light source to cure liquid resin into solid layers. It is known for extremely high detail and smooth finishes.
Materials: Photopolymer resins (standard, tough, flexible, dental, castable, etc.).
Pros:
- High resolution and precision
- Smooth surface finish
- Great for miniatures, dental models, and jewelry
Cons:
- Smaller build volumes compared to FDM
- Resin can be messy and requires post-curing
- Higher material costs
SLA is the best choice if you need high-resolution resin 3D prints for professional models or detailed prototypes.
What Is SLS 3D Printing?
SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) uses a high-powered laser to fuse powdered materials, usually nylon (PA12, PA11), layer by layer. Since unsintered powder supports the object during printing, no support structures are needed.
Materials: Nylon, TPU, composites, and specialty powders.
Pros:
- Strong, durable, and functional parts
- No need for supports
- Excellent for complex geometries
- Industrial-grade performance
Cons:
- Expensive machines and materials
- Requires advanced post-processing
- Not beginner-friendly
SLS is the best option for engineering-grade powder 3D printing and end-use functional parts.
FDM vs. SLA vs. SLS: Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | FDM (Filament) | SLA (Resin) | SLS (Powder) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Material | Plastic filaments (PLA, ABS, PETG,TPU) | Liquid resins | Powder (Nylon, Metal) |
| Print Quality |
Medium ($200-$5000) |
High / very fine details ($300-$15000) | High, but slightly grainy ($15000-$500000+) |
| Surface Finish | Visible layers | Smooth | Matte, slightly rough |
| Strength | Medium to high | Brittle unless engineered | Very strong, durable |
| Cost | Low | Medium | High |
| Ease of Use | Beginner-friendly | Moderate, messy | Expert-level |
| Best For | Prototypes, hobby parts | Miniatures, dental, jewelry | Functional parts, industrial production |
Which 3D Printing Technology Should You Choose?
- Choose FDM 3D printing if you want affordable, versatile filament printing for everyday projects.
- Choose SLA 3D printing if you need resin-based high-detail prints for models and professional applications.
- Choose SLS 3D printing if you require powder-based strong functional parts for industrial or engineering use.
